Azoxystrobin is a FRAC Group 11 systemic fungicide that belongs to the strobilurin class of fungicides. It is widely used in agriculture to control a variety of fungal diseases in crops and soil, making it an essential tool for farmers, commercial landscape consultants, and soil science experts. Its mode of action, effectiveness, and relative safety have contributed to its success in global agricultural practices.
Types of Funguses Controlled by Azoxystrobin
- Anthracnose - Caused by various fungal pathogens, anthracnose can lead to significant damage in lawns, fruits, and vegetables. Azoxystrobin effectively inhibits the development and spread of anthracnose, particularly in crops like cucumbers, tomatoes, and various fruits.
- Powdery Mildew - This common fungal disease manifests as white, powdery spots on leaves and stems. Azoxystrobin effectively controls powdery mildew in a range of crops, including grass, grapes, cucumbers, and pumpkins, by preventing the spores from germinating and spreading.
- Downy Mildew - Affecting various plants, downy mildew can cause severe yield losses. Azoxystrobin provides protection against this disease in crops such as cucumbers, grapevines, and lettuce, helping to maintain plant health and productivity.
- Botrytis - Botrytis cinerea, commonly known as gray mold, can spoil a wide range of crops, particularly during wet conditions. Azoxystrobin's systemic action allows for effective management of botrytis in crops including strawberries, tomatoes, and ornamental plants.
- Leaf Spot Diseases - Various pathogens cause leaf spots, which can lead to defoliation and reduced crop quality. Azoxystrobin is effective against several leaf spot diseases affecting crops, ensuring healthy foliage and maximizing photosynthetic activity.
- Rust Diseases - Rust fungi can severely impact cereal grains and other crops. Azoxystrobin's ability to inhibit fungal respiration helps control rust diseases, including those affecting wheat, barley, and soybeans, thereby protecting crop yields.
- Fusarium - Some species of Fusarium can cause root and stem rot, negatively affecting various crops. Azoxystrobin provides protection against these pathogens, helping to ensure robust root systems and crop health.
- Scab - Scab diseases, often affecting fruits such as apples and pears, can lead to unsightly blemishes and significant yield losses. Azoxystrobin is used to manage scab diseases effectively, promoting healthier fruits and increasing marketability.
- Take all Root Rot (TARR) and Take all Patch (TAP).
- Various Soil-Borne Diseases
Azoxystrobin Fungicide Product Brand Names
- Abound
- Heritage
- Quadris
- Aproach
- Insignia
- Azoxystrobin 2SC
- Syngenta's Merivon
- Xzact
- Scott’s Disease X
Turfgrass Types Labeled for Azoxystrobin in Texas
1. Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon)
2. Zoysia Grass (Zoysia japonica)
3. Fescue Grass (Festuca spp.)
4. Bluegrass (Poa pratensis)
5. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
6. St. Augustine Grass
7. Centipede Grass
Always check the product label for specific application instructions and to ensure suitability for your particular grass variety.
Resistance Concerns for Consecutive Uses of Azoxystrobin
Answer: High.
List of Other FRAC Class 11 Strobilurins Fungicides
There are several other FRAC class 11 fungicides, with a similar mode of action. Some on this list are only labeled for commercial use and golf courses, not residential lawns.
- Trifloxystrobin
- Pyraclostrobin
- Fluoxastrobin
- Mandestrobin
History of Azoxystrobin Fungicide
Discovery and Development -
Azoxystrobin was discovered and developed in the early 1990s by the Japanese chemical company, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Researchers were looking for new active ingredients to combat the increasing problem of fungal resistance to existing fungicides. The unique properties of azoxystrobin stem from its natural origins; it is derived from the mycelium of a fungus known as *Strobilurus tenacellus*, which provides the name for the strobilurin class.
The compound was patented in 1991 and went through a rigorous assessment of its efficacy, safety, and environmental impact. After thorough testing, azoxystrobin was registered for use in Japan in 1996.
Commercialization and Approval -
Following its success in Japan, azoxystrobin gained approval in various countries, including the United States and several European nations, throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s. In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registered azoxystrobin in 1999, recognizing its effectiveness in managing diseases in soil, turfgrass, corn, soybeans, milo, and various fruits and vegetables.
Mode of Action -
Azoxystrobin works by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in fungi. It specifically targets the Qo site of cytochrome b, which disrupts ATP production and ultimately leads to the death of the fungal cells. This systemic action allows azoxystrobin to translocate through the plant, providing protection from both pre-existing infections and new fungal threats.
Resistance Management -
One of the critical components of sustainable fungicide use is resistance management. Given the widespread use of strobilurins, including azoxystrobin, there has been concern over the potential for fungal pathogens to develop resistance. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices, including rotation with fungicides of different modes of action and the use of cultural practices, are recommended to mitigate this issue.
Conclusion -
Azoxystrobin has a significant history as a leading fungicide in agriculture, contributing to effective disease management and increased crop yields worldwide. Its discovery and development marked a pivotal moment in the fight against fungal diseases, offering growers an efficient solution that aligns with sustainable practices. The ongoing research into its efficacy, environmental impact, and resistance management ensures that azoxystrobin will continue to play a vital role in modern turfgrass and agriculture management for years to come.